Waa maxay shaqada dareemaha kamaradda gaariga?
Dareemaha booska camshaft waa aalad dareen-gelin ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dareemaha calaamadaha isku-dubaridka. Waa aalad meelaynta kala-soocidda dhululubada ah oo calaamadda booska camshaft-ka gelisa ECU-da una adeegta calaamadda xakamaynta ugu weyn ee xakamaynta shidista.
Astaamaha Qaab-dhismeedka
Dareemayaasha booska crankshaft-ka iyo camshaft-ka ee sawir-qaadista korontada ku shaqeeya ee ay soo saarto Nissan waa noocyo la hagaajiyay oo qaybiyayaal ah. Inta badan waxay ka kooban yihiin saxan calaamadeed (tusaale ahaan, rotor-ka calaamadda), matoor calaamadeed, qaybiye, guri dareemayaal, iyo isku xire xarig.
Saxanka calaamaduhu waa rotor-ka calaamadda ee dareemaha waxaana lagu riixaa usha dareemaha. Cidhifka u dhow saxanka calaamadda, waxaa ku yaal laba giraan oo isku xiran oo ah godad iftiin gudbiya oo leh kala duwanaansho isku mid ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah giraanta dibadda waxay leedahay 360 godad iftiin gudbiya (缝隙), oo leh qaanso kala fog oo ah 1. (Godadka iftiin gudbiya waxay ka dhigan yihiin 0.5, godadka hooskana waxay ka yihiin 0.5.) Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro xagasha wareegga crankshaft iyo calaamadaha xawaaraha; giraanta gudaha waxay leedahay 6 godad iftiin gudbiya (godad leydi ah), oo leh qaanso kala fog oo ah 60, oo loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro calaamadaha dhexe ee ugu sarreeya ee dhululubo kasta. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, hal god oo leydi ah wuxuu leeyahay dhinac ballaaran oo xoogaa ka dheer, oo loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro calaamadda dhexe ee ugu sarreysa ee dhululubo 1.
Matoorka calaamaduhu wuxuu ku xiran yahay guriga dareemayaasha. Waxay ka kooban tahay matoor calaamadda Ne (xawaaraha iyo calaamadda xagasha wareegga), matoor calaamadda G (calaamadda dhexe ee ugu sarreysa), iyo wareegga habaynta calaamadaha. Labada matoor calaamadda Ne iyo matoorada calaamadaha G waxay ka kooban yihiin LED iyo matoor sawir-qaadis (ama photodiode), iyadoo laba LED ay u jeedaan laba matoor sawir-qaadis siday u kala horreeyaan. Mabda'a shaqaynta
Saxanka calaamadda waxaa lagu rakibay inta u dhaxaysa diode-ka iftiinka soo saaraya (LED) iyo transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka (ama photodiode). Marka godka iftiinka soo gudbiya ee saxanka calaamadda uu u wareego booska u dhexeeya LED-ka iyo transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka, iftiinka uu sii daayo LED-ku wuxuu ku iftiimi doonaa transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka. Waqtigan, transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka ayaa sameeya oo ururiyahiisu wuxuu soo saaraa heer hoose (0.1 - 0.3V). Marka qaybta hadhka ee saxanka calaamadda ay u wareegto booska u dhexeeya LED-ka iyo transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka, iftiinka uu sii daayo LED-ku laguma iftiimin karo transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawirka ayaa la gooyaa oo ururiyahiisu wuxuu soo saaraa heer sare (4.8 - 5.2V).
Haddii saxanka calaamaduhu si joogto ah u wareego, godka gudbiya iftiinka iyo qaybta hadhka ayaa si is barbar socda u mari doona LED-ka si ay u noqdaan kuwo hufan ama hadh leh. Ururiyaha transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawir-qaadaha ayaa si is barbar socda u soo saari doona heerar sare iyo kuwo hoose. Marka shafka dareemaha uu ku wareego shafka crankshaft iyo shafka waalka ee waqtiga waalka, godka gudbiya iftiinka iyo qaybta hadhka ee saxanka calaamadda ayaa mari doona LED-ka. Iftiinka uu sii daayo LED-ku si is barbar socda ayaa loogu iftiimin doonaa transistor-ka xasaasiga ah ee sawir-qaadaha calaamadda sababtoo ah saameynta gudbinta iftiinka iyo hadhka ee saxanka calaamadda. Sidaa darteed, calaamad garaaca oo u dhiganta booska shafka crankshaft iyo shafka waalka ee waqtiga waalka ayaa laga soo saari doonaa dareemaha calaamadda.
Maadaama shafka crankshaft uu laba wareeg wareego, shafka dareemaha ayaa ku riixaya saxanka calaamadda si uu u wareego hal wareeg oo buuxa. Sidaa darteed, dareemaha calaamadda G wuxuu soo saari doonaa 6 calaamadood oo garaacis ah. Dareemaha calaamadda Ne wuxuu soo saari doonaa 360 calaamadood oo garaacis ah. Sababtoo ah qaansada kala-goyska godka iftiinka gudbiya ee calaamadda G waa 60 darajo, calaamad garaacis ayaa la sameeyaa 120 darajo kasta oo wareegga shafka crankshaft ah. Sidaa darteed, calaamadda G waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan calaamadda 120. Rakibaadda naqshadaynta waxay hubineysaa in calaamadda 120 la soo saaro 70 darajo ka hor bartamaha sare ee dhintay (BTDC70). Calaamadda ay soo saarto godka iftiinka gudbiya oo leh ballac leydi ah oo xoogaa ka dheer waxay u dhigantaa 70 darajo ka hor bartamaha sare ee dhintay ee silinda 1 ee matoorka, si ECU ay u maamusho xagasha hore ee duritaanka shidaalka iyo xagasha hore ee shidista. Sababtoo ah qaansada kala-goyska godka iftiinka gudbiya ee calaamadda Ne waa 1 darajo (godka iftiinka gudbiya wuxuu ku fadhiyaa 0.5 darajo godka hooskuna wuxuu ku fadhiyaa 0.5 darajo), wareeg kasta oo garaacis ah, heerarka sare iyo kuwa hoose mid walba wuxuu ku fadhiyaa 1 xagal shafka crankshaft ah. 360 calaamadood waxay matalaan wareeg dhan 720 darajo oo ah shafka crankshaft. 120 darajo kasta oo wareegga shafka crankshaft ah, dareemaha calaamadda G wuxuu soo saaraa hal calaamad, dareemaha calaamadda Ne-na wuxuu soo saaraa 60 calaamadood.
Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ogaato, sii wad akhrinta maqaallada kale ee ku jira boggan!
Fadlan na soo wac haddii aad u baahan tahay alaabada noocaas ah.
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