Waa maxay shaqada dareemaha crankshaft-ka gaariga?
Dareemaha crankshaft (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dareemaha xawaaraha matoorka) waa dareemaha asaasiga ah ee nidaamka xakamaynta elektarooniga ah ee matoorka. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado booska crankshaft-ka, calaamadda dhexe ee ugu sarreysa ee piston-ka, iyo xawaaraha matoorka, waxayna calaamadaha u gudbisaa ECU si loo xakameeyo waqtiga shidista iyo duritaanka shidaalka. Dareemahan waxaa badanaa lagu rakibaa dhammaadka hore ee crankshaft-ka, dhammaadka hore ee camshaft-ka, giraangiraha duulaya, ama qaybiyaha. Waxay u baahan tahay inay si isku mid ah ula shaqeyso dareemaha booska camshaft-ka.
Sida ku xusan mabda'a shaqada, waxaa loo kala saari karaa saddex nooc: nooca garaaca magnetic, nooca Hall, iyo nooca photoelectric: Nooca garaaca magnetic wuxuu dhaliyaa calaamad mowjad sine ah isagoo kicinaya isbeddel goob birlab ah oo loo maro saxanka calaamadda. Nooca Hall wuxuu soo saaraa calaamad mowjad laba jibbaaran isagoo adeegsanaya daab kiciya. Nooca photoelectric wuxuu soo saaraa danab garaaca isagoo adeegsanaya gudbinta godka iftiinka. Nooca Hall wuxuu u baahan yahay sahay koronto oo 5V ah oo dibadda ah, nooca photoelectric-na wuxuu u nugul yahay burburka saxnaanta calaamadaha sababtoo ah wasakhowga saliidda. Cilladaha caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah faragelinta calaamadaha oo ay keento fiilooyinka gaboobay, iyo dhibka ka dhasha dareemaha wasakhaysan. Xaaladaha aan caadiga ahayn waxay kicin karaan iftiinka cilladda matoorka waxayna sababi karaan awood aan ku filnayn ama awood la'aan in la bilaabo. Jidka tiknoolajiyada casriga ah wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddel horumarineed laga bilaabo calaamadaha analoogga ilaa ogaanshaha dhijitaalka ah.
Mabda'a ogaanshaha ee dareemaha booska crankshaft nooca garaaca birlabta
Shirkadda Nissan Shirkadda nooca garaaca wadnaha ee birlabta ah dareemaha booska crankshaft
Dareemaha booska crankshaft-ka waxaa lagu rakibay gadaasha pulley-ga ee ku taal dhammaadka hore ee crankshaft-ka. Dhamaadka dambe ee pulley-ka, waxaa ku yaal saxan wareegsan oo khafiif ah oo leh ilko fiican (oo loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro calaamado, oo loo yaqaan saxanka calaamadda), kaas oo lagu rakibay pulley-ga crankshaft-ka ee ku yaal crankshaft-ka oo ku wareegaya crankshaft-ka. Cidhifka dibadda ee saxanka calaamadda, waxaa ku yaal ilig 4° kasta oo ku teedsan wareegga. Waxaa jira wadarta 90 ilig, 3 soo baxna waxaa lagu diyaariyey 120° kasta, wadarta guudna waa 3. Sanduuqa dareemaha ee lagu rakibay geeska saxanka calaamadda waa matoor calaamadeed oo soo saara calaamad koronto. Matoorka calaamadda wuxuu leeyahay 3 madax oo birlab ah oo ku wareegsan birlab-ka joogtada ah ee ku yaal gariiradda induction-ka, halkaas oo madaxa birlab-ka ② uu soo saaro calaamad 120° ah, madaxyada birlab-ka ① iyo ③ si wadajir ah u soo saaraan calaamad xagal crankshaft 1° ah. Madaxa birlabta ② wuxuu ku wajahan yahay 120° soo bixidda saxanka calaamadda, madaxa birlabta ① iyo ③ waxay ku wajahan yihiin giraanta geerka ee saxanka calaamadda, iyadoo farqiga wejiga uu yahay rakibidda xagasha crankshaft. Matoorka calaamadda wuxuu leeyahay wareegyo kor u qaadis calaamad iyo qaabayn, iyo isku xire afar god oo dibadda ah, oo godka "1" uu yahay xariiqda soo saarista calaamadda 120°, godka "2" uu yahay xariiqda korontada ee wareegga kor u qaadidda calaamadda iyo qaabaynta, godka "3" uu yahay xariiqda soo saarista calaamadda 1°, godka "4" uu yahay xariiqda dhulka. Iyada oo loo marayo isku xirahan, calaamadda ay soo saarto dareemaha booska crankshaft waxaa loo gudbiyaa ECU.
Marka matoorku wareego, ilkaha iyo soo-baxa saxanka calaamaduhu waxay keenaan isbeddel ku yimaada goobta birlabta ee dhex marta gariiradda induction, taasoo keenta awood koronto oo beddelan oo ku jirta gariiradda induction. Ka dib marka la shaandheeyo oo la qaabeeyo, waxay noqotaa calaamad garaac. Ka dib hal wareeg oo matoorka ah, madaxa birlabta ② wuxuu soo saaraa 3 calaamadood oo garaacis ah 120°, madaxyada birlabta ① iyo ③ mid walbana wuxuu soo saaraa 90 calaamadood oo garaacis ah (isbeddelaya). Maadaama madaxyada birlabta ① iyo ③ lagu rakibay meel u dhaxaysa xagasha crankshaft 3° mid walbana uu soo saaro calaamad garaacis ah 4° kasta, farqiga wejiga ee u dhexeeya calaamadaha garaaca ee ay soo saaraan madaxyada birlabta ① iyo ③ waa sax 90°. Labadan calaamadood ee garaaca waxaa loo diraa wareegga xoojinta calaamadaha iyo qaabaynta si loo sameeyo isku-darka, ka dibna calaamad xagasha crankshaft 1° ayaa la soo saaraa.
Madaxa birlabta ② ee soo saara calaamadda 120° waxaa lagu rakibay 70° ka hor bartamaha sare ee dhintay, sidaa darteed calaamaddeeda waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeri karaa 70° ka hor calaamadda dhexe ee dhintay ee sare, taas oo ah, inta lagu jiro hawlgalka matoorka, madaxa birlabta ② wuxuu soo saaraa calaamad garaaca wadnaha oo ku taal bartamaha sare ee dhintay ee dhululubo kasta.
Shirkadda Toyota Nooca garaaca wadnaha ee birlabta dareemaha booska crankshaft
Nidaamka TCCS ee Shirkadda Toyota wuxuu ku rakibaa dareemaha booska nooca garaaca wadnaha ee nooca birlabta ah qaybta qaybinta. Dareemaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa qaybo sare iyo kuwa hoose, qaybta sare waxay soo saartaa calaamadda G, qaybta hoosena waxay soo saartaa calaamadda Ne, labaduba waxay isticmaalaan rotor oo leh ilko wareegaya si ay u sababaan in gariiradda soo-saareyaasha calaamaduhu ay isbeddelaan qulqulka birlabta, taasoo keenta awood koronto oo beddelan oo ku dhacda gariiradda soo-saarista, taas oo markaa la kordhiyo oo loo diro ECU.
Calaamadda Ne waa calaamadda lagu ogaanayo xagasha crankshaft iyo xawaaraha matoorka, oo u dhiganta calaamadda 1° ee dareemaha booska crankshaft ee shirkadda Nissan. Calaamaddan waxaa soo saara rotor (rotor timing N0.2) oo ku xiran qaybta hoose oo leh 24 ilkood oo si siman u kala fog iyo gariirad dareen oo ku xigta.
Marka rotor-ku wareego, farqiga hawada ee u dhexeeya ilkaha iyo qaybta flange-ka (madaxa birlabta) ee gariiradda dareemaha ayaa isbeddela, taasoo keenta isbeddel ku yimaada goobta birlabta ee dhex marta gariiradda dareemaha oo soo saarta awood koronto oo la kiciyo. Marka ilkuhu soo dhawaadaan oo ay ka fogaadaan madaxa birlabta, waxaa jiri doona isbeddel ku yimaada kororka iyo hoos u dhaca qulqulka birlabta, si ilig kasta uu u soo saaro calaamad danab AC oo dhammaystiran gariiradda dareemaha marka uu dhex marayo madaxa birlabta. Rotor-ka waqtiga N0.2 wuxuu leeyahay 24 ilig, marka rotor-ku wareego hal wareeg oo buuxa (tusaale ahaan, gariiradda gariiradda ayaa wareegta 720°), gariiradda dareemaha waxay soo saartaa 24 calaamadood oo danab AC ah. Hal garaac oo ka mid ah calaamadda Ne ee wareegga wuxuu u dhigmaa 30° wareegga crankshaft (720° ÷ 24 = 30°). Ogaanshaha xagasha saxda ah waxaa lagu gaaraa iyadoo loo qaybiyo waqtiga wareegga 30° ECU 30 qaybood oo siman, sidaas darteedna la soo saaro calaamad wareeg crankshaft 1° ah. Sidoo kale, xawaaraha matoorka waxaa lagu cabbiraa ECU iyadoo lagu saleynayo waqtiga u dhexeeya laba garaac oo calaamadda Ne ah (wareegga shafka 60°). Calaamadda G waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu aqoonsado dhululubada iyo in la ogaado booska dhexe ee ugu sarreeya ee bastoolada, oo u dhiganta calaamadda 120° ee dareemaha booska shafka magnetic-ga ee Nissan. Calaamadda G waxaa soo saara rotor flange ah (rotor-ka waqtiga No.1) oo ka sarreeya matoorka Ne iyo laba gariiradood oo dareen siman leh (coil-ka dareenka G1 iyo gariiradda dareenka G2). Mabda'a soo saarista calaamadda waa isku mid sida calaamadda Ne. Calaamadda G waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa calaamad tixraac ah oo lagu xisaabinayo xagasha shafka.
Calaamadaha G1 iyo G2 waxay si isku mid ah u ogaadaan bartamaha sare ee dhintay ee dhululubada 6aad iyo dhululubada 1aad. Sababtoo ah booska uu ku yaal matoorka calaamadaha G1 iyo G2, marka calaamadaha G1 iyo G2 la soo saaro, bistooladdu si sax ah uma taal bartamaha sare ee dhintay (BTDC), laakiin waxay ku taal meel 10° ka hor xarunta sare ee dhintay.
Ogaanshaha dareemaha booska crankshaft garaaca wadnaha ee birlabta
Qaado dareemaha booska crankshaft ee garaaca wadnaha ee birlabta loo isticmaalo nidaamka xakamaynta elektaroonigga ah ee matoorka 2JZ-GE ee sedan Crown 3.0 tusaale ahaan si aad u muujiso habka ogaanshaha.
Hubinta iska caabbinta dareemaha booska crankshaft
Dami badhanka shidista, ka saar isku xiraha dareemaha booska crankshaft, oo cabbir qiimaha iska caabbinta ee u dhexeeya terminaalka dareemaha booska crankshaft iyadoo la adeegsanayo dejinta iska caabbinta multimeter (Jadwalka 1). Haddii qiimaha iska caabbintu aysan ku jirin xadka la cayimay, waa in la beddelaa dareemaha booska crankshaft.
Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ogaato, sii wad akhrinta maqaallada kale ee ku jira boggan!
Fadlan na soo wac haddii aad u baahan tahay alaabada noocaas ah.
Hal qayb oo ka mid ah Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. waxay ka go'an tahay inay iibiso MG&MAXUSqaybaha baabuurta waa la soo dhaweynayaa si aad u iibsato.
