Matoorka baabuurta.
Matoorka baabuurtu waa korontada ugu weyn ee gaariga, shaqadeedu waa inuu korontada siiyo dhammaan qalabka korontada (marka laga reebo bilawga) marka matoorku si caadi ah u shaqeynayo, isla markaana uu batteriga ku dallaco.
Iyada oo ku saleysan wareegga saddex-geesoodka ah ee caadiga ah ee alternator-ka, kordhi tirada wareegyada rogrogmada oo ka soo saar terminal-ka, ku dar set oo ah hagaajiyaha buundada saddex-geesoodka ah. Xawaaraha hooseeya, wareegga koowaad iyo wareegga fidinta waxaa lagu soo saaraa taxane, xawaaraha sarena, wareegga saddexda-geesoodka ah ee aasaasiga ah oo keliya ayaa la soo saaraa.
Mabda'a shaqada
Mabda'a shaqada ee alternator-ka oo dhan
Marka wareegga dibadda uu tamar geliyo wareegga goobta ee dhex mara burushka, waxaa la sameeyaa goob birlab ah, si tiirka cidhifyada loogu dhex magneeyo tiirka N iyo tiirka S. Marka rotor-ku wareego, qulqulka birlabku wuxuu si is beddel ah isu beddelaa wareegga stator-ka, sida waafaqsan mabda'a kicinta elektaroonigga ah, wareegga saddex-waji ee stator-ka wuxuu soo saari doonaa awood koronto oo beddelan oo la soo saaray. Sidan ayay alternator-ku u dhaliyaan koronto.
Dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu horreeya (tusaale ahaan matoorka) wuxuu jiidayaa rotor-ka matoorka DC ee firfircoon si uu ugu wareego xawaaraha n(rpm), iyo awoodda AC ee saddex-waji leh ee stator-ka ee wareemaya. Haddii wareejinta stator-ku ay ku xiran tahay culayska korontada, matoorku wuxuu leeyahay wax soo saar koronto AC ah, awoodda AC-na waxaa loo beddelaa haddal toos ah oo ka imanaya terminalka wax soo saarka iyada oo loo marayo buundada hagaajiyaha ee gudaha matoorka.
Alternator-ku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood oo ah wareegga stator iyo wareegga rotor-ka, wareegga stator-ka saddex-geesoodka ah ayaa lagu qaybiyaa qolofka iyadoo loo eegayo xagasha korantada ee farqiga u dhexeeya 120 darajo, wareegga rotor-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ciddiyo tiir. Marka wareegga rotor-ku ku xidhmo qulqulka tooska ah, way kacsan tahay, labada ciddiyo tiirna waxay sameeyaan tiirka N iyo tiirka S. Xariiqda goobta birlabta waxay ka bilaabataa tiirka N, waxay gashaa xudunta stator-ka iyada oo u maraysa farqiga hawada waxayna ku noqotaa tiirka S ee ku xiga. Marka rotor-ka la wareejiyo, wareegga rotor-ku wuxuu jari doonaa khadka xoogga birlabta, wuxuuna soo saari doonaa xoog koronto oo sinusoidal ah oo leh farqi ah 120 darajo xagal koronto oo ku jira wareegga stator-ka, taas oo ah, hadda saddex-geesoodka ah ee beddela, ka dibna iyada oo loo marayo curiyaha hagaajiyaha oo ka kooban diode-yada oo u gudbaya wax soo saarka hadda tooska ah.
Marka badhanka la xiro, baytarigu marka hore wuxuu bixiyaa koronto. Wareeggu waa:
Baytari togan → nalka dallacaadda → xiriirka nidaamiyaha → wareegga kicinta → birta dhabta → baytari taban. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, nalka tilmaame dallacaadda ayaa iftiimi doona sababtoo ah hadda socda.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib marka matoorku shaqeeyo, marka xawaaraha matoorku kordho, danabka terminal-ka matoorku sidoo kale wuu kordhaa. Marka danabka soo baxaya ee matoorku uu la mid yahay danabka baytariga, awoodda dhammaadka "B" iyo dhammaadka "D" ee matoorku waa siman yahay, waqtigan, nalka tilmaame dallacaadda waa la daminayaa sababtoo ah farqiga suurtagalka ah ee u dhexeeya labada daraf waa eber. Waxay tilmaamaysaa in matoorku si caadi ah u shaqeynayo oo hadda kicinta uu bixiyo matoorku laftiisa. Xoogga korontada AC ee saddex-geesoodka ah ee ay soo saarto wareegga saddexda-geesoodka ah ee matoorka waxaa hagaajiya diode-ka wuxuuna soo saaraa hadda tooska ah si uu awood ugu siiyo culayska oo uu u dallaco batteriga.
Beddelaha guud ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar qaybood: rotor, stator, rectifier iyo dhamaadka daboolka.
(1) Rotor
Shaqada rotor-ku waa inuu soo saaro goob birlab ah oo wareegta.
Rotor-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay ul ciddiyo ah, harqood, wareeg birlab ah, giraan ururin iyo usha rotor-ka.
Laba cidhib ayaa lagu riixaa usha rotor-ka, mid kasta oo ka mid ah labada cidhibna waxay leeyihiin lix cidhib oo birlab ah. Wareegga goobta birlab ah (rotor coil) iyo harqood birlab ah ayaa lagu dhejiyay godka cidhibta.
Giraanta ururiyaha waxay ka kooban tahay laba giraan oo naxaas ah oo isku dahaaran. Giraanta ururiyaha waxaa lagu riixaa usha rotor-ka waxaana lagu dahaadhay usha. Labada giraan ee ururiyaha waxay ku xiran yihiin labada daraf ee wareegga goobta birlabta.
Marka labada faraanti ee ururiya loo gudbiyo qulqulka tooska ah (iyada oo loo marayo burushka), waxaa jira koronto iyada oo loo marayo wareegga goobta birlabta, waxaana la sameeyaa qulqulka birlabta ee axial-ka, si hal cidhib loogu birlabeeyo tiirka N kan kalena loogu birlabeeyo tiirka S, sidaas darteedna waxay sameeyaan lix lammaane oo ah ulo birlab ah oo isku xiran. Marka rotor-ku wareego, waxaa la sameeyaa goob birlab ah oo wareegaysa [1].
Wareegga birlabta ee alternator-ka waa: yoke →N pole → hawada u dhaxaysa rotor iyo stator → stator → Hawada u dhaxaysa stator iyo rotor →S pole → yoke.
(2) Istatatarka
Shaqada stator-ku waa inuu soo saaro koronto beddelan.
Stator-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay xudunta stator iyo gariiradda stator.
Xudunta stator-ka waxay ka kooban tahay xaashiyo bir ah oo silikoon ah oo leh godad ku jira giraanta gudaha, iyo gudbiyaha wareegga stator-ka wuxuu ku dhex jiraa godka xudunta.
Wareegga stator-ka wuxuu leeyahay saddex marxaladood, wareegga saddexda wejina wuxuu qaataa isku xirka xiddigaha ama saddexagal (awood sare), kaas oo soo saari kara saddex marxaladood oo hadda beddela.
Wareegga saddexda weji waa in loo nastaa iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha qaarkood si loo helo isku soo noqnoqosho, baaxad siman, iyo farqi wejiga ah oo ah 120° awood koronto saddex-geesood ah.
1. Masaafada u dhaxaysa labada dhinac ee waxtarka leh ee gariirad kasta waa inay la mid noqotaa booska uu ku jiro tiirka birlabta.
2. Masaafada u dhaxaysa cidhifyada bilowga ee gariiradaha ku xiga ee weji kasta oo wareeg ah waa inay la mid noqotaa ama ka badan tahay masaafada ay ku jiraan labo tiirar birlab ah.
3. Cidhifka bilowga ee wareegga saddexda weji waa in lagu kala saaraa Xagasha korontada 2π+120o (meesha ay ku jiraan labo tiirar birlab ah waa Xagasha korontada 360o).
Beddelaha taxanaha JF13 ee gudaha, labo tiirar birlab ah ayaa ka dhigan booska booska ee 6 godad (Xagasha korontada 60o halkii god), tiirka birlabku wuxuu ka dhigan yahay booska booska ee 3 godad, sidaa darteed muddada booska ee labada dhinac ee wax ku oolka ah ee gariirad kasta waa 3 godad, masaafada u dhaxaysa geeska bilowga ee wareegga marxalad kasta oo ku xiga gariiradda 6 godad, geeska bilowga ee wareegga saddexda weji waxaa loo kala saari karaa 2 godad, 8 godad, 3 godad. 14 godad, iwm.
(3) Hagaajiye
Doorka hagaajiyaha alternator-ka waa inuu beddelo socodka saddex-geesoodka ah ee wareegga stator-ka una beddelo haddal toos ah. hagaajiyaha alternator-ka 6-tuubo waa wareegga hagaajiyaha buundada saddex-geesoodka ah oo ka kooban 6 diode silikoon silikoon ah, 6da tuubo ee hagaajiyahana si kala duwan ayaa loogu cadaadiyaa (ama loogu dhejiyaa) laba saxan.
1. Astaamaha diode-yada hagaajiyaha silikoonka baabuurta
(1) Hadda shaqeeya oo weyn, celceliska hadda hore 50A, hadda kor u kaca 600A;
(2) Danab gadaal u rogan oo sarreeya, danab dib u rogan oo ugu sarreeya oo 270V ah, danab dib u rogan oo aan dib u soo celin karin oo ugu sarreeya oo 300V ah;
(3) Hal hogaan oo keliya ayaa jira. Qaar ka mid ah hogaaminta diode-ka waa togan yihiin, qaar ka mid ah hogaaminta diode-ka waa taban yihiin, tuubada leh xariiqda hogaanka togan waxaa loo yaqaan tuubo togan, tuubada leh xariiqda hogaanka taban waxaa loo yaqaan tuubo taban, sidaa darteed diode-ka hagaajiyaha wuxuu leeyahay diode togan iyo diode taban.
(4) Daboolka dhammaadka
Daboolka dhammaadka guud ahaan wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood (daboolka dhammaadka hore iyo daboolka dhammaadka dambe), kaas oo door ka ciyaara hagaajinta rotor-ka, stator-ka, hagaajiyaha iyo isku-darka burushka. Daboolka dhammaadka guud ahaan waxaa lagu shubaa aluminium dahaar ah, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah uga hortagi kara daadinta birlabta wuxuuna leeyahay waxqabad wanaagsan oo kulka kala firdhiya.
Daboolka dambe waxaa la socda qalab burush ah oo ka kooban burush, haye burush iyo guluub burush ah. Doorka burushku waa inuu korontada ku soo geliyo giraanta ururinta oo uu ku dhex wareego wareegga goobta.
Xiriirka ka dhexeeya wareegga goobta birlabta (laba burush) iyo matoorku waa kala duwan yahay, sidaa darteed matoorku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay noocyo gudaha iyo dibadda ah.
1. Matoor bir gudaha ah: Matoor leh burush birlab ah oo si toos ah ugu xidhan guriga (oo si toos ah ugu xidhan guriga).
2. Matoor koronto oo dibadda ku dahaaran: Matoor koronto oo labada burush ee wareegga goobta laga dahaadhay guriga.
Elektroodka taban (burushka taban) ee wareegga goobta birlabta ee matoorka nooca birta ah ee dibadda ayaa ku xiran nidaamiyaha, ka dibna birtu way isku xiran tahay ka dib marka la dhaafo.
Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ogaato, sii wad akhrinta maqaallada kale ee ku jira boggan!
Fadlan na soo wac haddii aad u baahan tahay alaabada noocaas ah.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. waxay ka go'an tahay iibinta qaybaha baabuurta ee MG&MAUXS, waana la soo dhaweynayaa in la iibsado.
