Nidaamka ka hortagga qufulka (ABS)
ABS waa tignoolajiyad la wanaajiyey oo ku salaysan aaladda biriiga caadiga ah, waana nooc ka mid ah nidaamka xakamaynta badbaadada baabuurta oo leh faa'iidooyinka ka-hortagga barafka iyo qufulka. Bareegga ka hortagga qufulka asal ahaan waa nooc la xoojiyey ama la hagaajiyey ee biriiga caadiga ah.
Nidaamyada ka hortagga qufulka waxaa loogu talagalay inay ka hortagaan qufulka bareegga iyo silbashada taayirrada marka biriiggu ay adag tahay ama meelaha qoyan ama simbiriirixa ah, taas oo ku kordhinaysa badbaado badan oo kala duwan oo wadida maalinlaha ah iyada oo ka ilaalinaysa in baabuurka si khatar ah u simbiriiro oo u oggolaado darawalka inuu ilaaliyo kontoroolka isteerinka marka uu isku dayayo inuu istaago. ABS ma aha oo kaliya in ay leedahay shaqada braking ee nidaamka bareegga caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale ka hortagi kara quful giraangiraha, si baabuurka weli u rogi karaa hoos xaaladda braking, loo hubiyo xasiloonida ee jihada bireega ee baabuurka, iyo ka hortagga dhinac iyo leexasho, waa qalabka ugu horumarsan ee baabuurka ee saamaynta bareegga ugu fiican.
Nidaamka ka-hortagga qufulka waa in laga hortago in giraangiraha lagu xiro habka bareegga, taas oo keeni karta: xoogga bareegga wadada hoos u dhaco iyo waxtarka bareegu hoos u dhaco; Iska yaree nolosha adeegga taayirka, marka uu baabuurka baabuurka ka jaro qufulka shaagaga hore, gaadhigu waxa uu luminayaa awoodda isteerinka, waxa hoos u dhacaya xoogga dhinaca marka la xidho taayirrada dambe, xasiloonida jihada bireegu waa la dhimaa, taas oo keeni doonta in baabuurka uu si fiican u leexdo oo uu dabada ama dhinacyada ka tuuro. Saamaynta habka xannibaadda ka-hortagga qufulka ee waxqabadka baabuurka ayaa inta badan lagu muujiyaa yaraynta fogaanta biriiga, ilaalinta awoodda isteerinka, hagaajinta xasilloonida jihada wadista iyo yaraynta xidhashada taayirka. Haddii ay dhacdo xaalad deg-deg ah, darawalku waxa uu u baahan yahay oo kaliya in uu si adag u riixo badhka bireega inta suurtogalka ah oo aanu sii deyn, waxyaabaha kale waxaa gacanta ku haya ABS, si darawalku awood u yeesho inuu wax ka qabto xaaladda degdegga ah oo uu hubiyo badbaadada baabuurka.
Soo gaabinta nidaamka bareegga-hortagga qufulka waa ABS, iyo magaca buuxa ee Ingiriisi waa anti-lock Brakingsystem, ama Anti-skidBrakingSystem. Ugu horreyntii, "xajin" waxaa loola jeedaa suufka biriiga (ama kabaha) iyo saxanka biriiga (dubaanka biriiga) iyada oo aan lahayn is jiid jiid qaraabo ah, lammaanaha is jiid jiid kulaylka marka biriiga la gooyo, tamarta tamarta baabuurka ee kulaylka, iyo ugu dambeyntii u ogolow baabuurka inuu istaago ama hoos u dhigo; Marka labaad, qufulka taayirrada dhab ahaantii waxay tilmaamaysaa baabuurka ee biraha degdegga ah, giraangiraha ayaa si buuxda u taagan oo ma wareego, waxay tilmaamaysaa baabuurka habka bareegga hal mar, taayirku ma sii wareegayo, marka baabuurka baabuurka, baabuurka ayaa ku siin doona taayir xoog u oggolaanaya inuu istaago, si aanu giraangigu u sii wadi karin inuu wareego, laakiin giraangirku wuxuu leeyahay xoogaa fogaansho ah ka hor inta uusan sii soconin ka hor inta uusan sii soconin xoogaa fogaan ah. Joogsi buuxda. Haddii taayirrada hore iyo kuwa dambe ee baabuurka aysan isku xariiq toosan ahayn, sababta oo ah qallafsanaanta, taayirrada hore iyo gadaal ayaa u janjeeri doona dhanka hore. Marka loo eego tijaabada xaddidaadda taayirka bareegga, taayirku ma bixin karo qabsashada dhinaca marka bareeggu toosan yahay, baabuurkuna way adkaan doontaa in la dhammaystiro koontarool kasta. Sidan, taayirrada hore iyo gadaalba waxay u kala socdaan laba jiho oo kala duwan oo baabuurku wuxuu yeelanayaa yaw (spin) oo aan la xakameyn karin, baabuurkuna wuxuu tuurayaa dabada. Xaaladdan oo kale, isteerinka baabuurka wax saameyn ah kuma yeelan, baabuurka ayaa gabi ahaanba lumin doona xakamaynta, haddii xaaladdu ay aad u culus tahay, waxay u badan tahay in uu rogmado baabuurka, taas oo keenta shilalka gaadiidka iyo khatarta kale.
Haddii bareegyadu ay si buuxda u xiran yihiin, beddelka tamartaani waxay ku xirnaan kartaa oo kaliya khilaafka u dhexeeya taayirka iyo dhulka. Jeexjeexa waxa loo kala qaybiyaa laba nooc: is jiid jiid iyo is jiid jiid, is-burburku wuxuu ku xidhan yahay saamaynta qoyaanka qallalan ee waddadu, marka taayirrada bireega iyo jeexjeexa dhulka ay si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhi doonaan, weyn ilaa meel muhiim ah ka dib marka ay isu beddesho duubista oo ay isu beddesho is jiid jiid. Xoogga is jiid jiidka simbiriirixan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u yaraan doona, sidaa darteed ABS waa inay isticmaashaa mabda'a qalooca is-jiidhka si ay u hagaajiso xoogga is jiid jiidka ee giraangirahan, si loo yareeyo masaafada biriiga. Khilaaf ba'an ayaa ka dhigaya caagga taayirka heerkul sarreeya, dareere maxalli ah oo dusha sare ah, oo soo gaabinaysa fogaanta biriiga, laakiin laabta dhinaceeda waxay dedejin doontaa xidhashada.
Nidaamka Ka-hortagga Qufulka Braking (ABS) waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku jira cilmi-baarista ee xakameynta dhaqdhaqaaqyada dheer ee gaariga. Qufulka ka-hortagga, sida magacaba ka muuqata, waa in laga ilaaliyo baabuurka in uu hal mar bareega sameeyo, iyada oo la isticmaalayo bareegga is-goysyada ah. Waxay tilmaamaysaa hagaajinta tooska ah ee garaaca bareegga (xoogga bareegga taayirrada) ee ku dhaqmaya giraangiraha inta lagu jiro habka bareegga si looga ilaaliyo in giraangiraha uu xirmo marka qulqulka bareegu weyn yahay; Isla mar ahaantaana, nidaamka casriga ah ee ABS wuxuu go'aamin karaa heerka silbashada taayirka wakhtiga dhabta ah, wuxuuna ku hayn karaa heerka silbashada taayirka ee biriiga u dhow qiimaha ugu fiican. Sidaa darteed, marka nidaamka ABS-ku shaqeeyo, darawalku ma lumin doono xakamaynta isteerinka baabuurka sababta oo ah qufulka taayirrada hore, iyo masaafada baabuurka ayaa ka yaraan doona qufulka taayirrada, si loo gaaro waxtarka ugu wanaagsan ee bireynta, hoosna u dhigo awoodda saameynta marka uu shilku dhaco.
