Nidaamka xarkaha ka hortagga qufulka (anti)
ABS waa tikniyoolajiyad la wanaajiyey oo ku saleysan aaladda biriiga caadiga ah, waana nooc ka mid ah nidaamka xakamaynta badbaadada ee gawaarida oo leh faa'iidooyinka ka hortagga skid iyo ka hortagga qufulka. Feejignaanta ka hortagga qufulka ayaa muhiimad ahaan loo wanaajiyaa ama la hagaajiyay nooca biriiga caadiga ah.
Nidaamyada ka hortagga qufulka waxaa loogu talagalay in laga hortago jaranjarooyinka qufulka iyo gogosha oo qoyan ama sagxad qoyan, oo ka horjoogsanaya gaariga si ay u sii jeedaan xakameynta xakamaynta marka ay isku dayaan inay joojiyaan. Axsaabtu kaliya maahan wax u dhimaya nidaamka hawada caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ka hortegi kartaa qufulka giraangiraha, si ay gaariga u rogi karo gobolka, oo uu ka hortago xasilloonida jihada gaariga, iyo weelka ugu horumarsan ee gaariga ugu horumarsan.
Nidaamka ka-hortagga qufulka ee ka hortagga qufulka waa in laga hortago giraangiraha in lagu xiro hanaanka bir-haynta, kaas oo sababi kara: Xoogga habeynta wadada ayaa yaraanaya oo hufnaantu waxay yareysaa; Yaree nolosha adeegga taayirrada, marka gaariga uu ku farxo qufulka hore, gaariga ayaa lumin doona awoodda isteerinka, jihada jihada, kaas oo sababi doona gaariga inuu si qoto dheer u beddelo oo tuuro dabada ama dhinacyada. Saamaynta ay ku leedahay nidaamka xargaha ka hortagga qufulka ee waxqabadka gawaarida ayaa inta badan lagu muujiyaa yareynta masaafada xayiraadda, dayactirka awoodda isteerinka, hagaajinta jihada wadista wadista ee jihada iyo yareynta taayirrada taayirrada. Haddii ay dhacdo xaalad degdeg ah, darawalka ayaa kaliya u baahan inuu riixo biriiga lugta ugu adag oo aan sii dayn, sidaa darteed darawalka waxaa gacanta ku haya wax ka qabashada xaaladaha degdegga ah oo ay hubiso nabadgelyada gaariga.
Soo gaabinta nidaamka ka hortagga qufulka qufulka waa maqnaanshuhu waa maqnaanshaha, oo magaca buuxa ee Ingiriisiga waa anti-quful xargaha xargaha. Marka ugu horreysa, "Qabasho" waxaa loola jeedaa suufka biriiga (ama kabaha) iyo diskiga biriiga (biriiga durbaanka) iyada oo aan laheyn kala-goynta qaraabada, tamarta jajabnaanta kuleylka kuleylka, oo ugu dambeyntii ha u oggolaado inuu gaaro ama gaabiyo; Marka labaad, qufulka giraangiraha ayaa runtii loola jeedaa gaariga xaashida degdegga ah, giraangiraha ayaa isbadalaya, laakiin taayirku wuxuu siidaayaa giraangiraha, ka dib wuxuu sii wadi doonaa inuu u sii jeedo waxoogaa masaafo ah ka hor inta uusan u dambayn ugu dambayn Joogso dhammaystiran. Haddii giraangiraha hore iyo gadaal ee gaariga aan ku jirin isla xariiq toosan, sababtoo ah inertia, sababtoo ah giraanyada hore iyo gadaal ayaa ku dhajinaya horjoogsanadooda. Marka loo eego tijaabada xadka taayirrada ee bir-qaadka, taayirku ma bixin karo xajmi ahaan marka xariiqda toosan uu yahay, oo gaariga uu adkaan doono in la dhammaystiro wax kantaroolka ah. Sidan, giraangiraha hore iyo gadaal ayaa ku dhex socon doona laba jiho oo kala duwan oo gaariga ayaa yeelan doona Yaw aan la xakamayn karin (Spine), gaarigana wuxuu tuuri doonaa dabada. Xaaladdan oo kale, giraangirta isteerinka ee gaariga ma leh wax saameyn ah, gaariga gabi ahaanba wuxuu waayi doonaa xakameyn, haddii xaaladdu aad u daran tahay, waxay u badan tahay in shilalka baabuurka iyo khataraha kale.
Haddii biriiga ay gabi ahaanba qufulsan yihiin, beddelka taranka ayaa ku xirnaan kara oo keliya kala-baxa inta u dhexeysa taayirrada iyo dhulka. Kala-goysyada ayaa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc: kala goynta kala-goynta iyo kala-goynta isbadalka, goorta kala-goysyada iyo isku-darka dhulka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u beddelanaya ka dib marka ay ka beddeli doonto isugeynta kala-goynta. Xoogga kala-goysyada si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u yarayn doontaa, markaa aas waa in la isticmaalo mabda'a qalooca qalooca this si loo xaliyo xoogga giraangiraha ee ugu sarreeya, si loo yareeyo masaafada tilmaanta. Khilaafka daran ee daran ayaa ka dhigaya heerkulka sare ee caagga ah, cabitaannada maxalliga ah ee dusha sare ee xiridda, soo gaabiya masaafada xajiska ah, laakiin dhinacyada dhinacyada ayaa dardargelin doonta xirashada.
Nidaamka wax-ka-qabashada qufulka ee ka hortagga qufulka Ka hortagga qufulka oo bir-qabad ah, maadaama magacu soo jeediyo, waa in laga hortago gaariga inuu bir soo baxo, adoo adeegsanaya bir-haynta. Waxay tixraacaysaa hagaajinta otomatiga ah ee bir-haynta (xoogga xargaha gacanta) ku sifeynta giraangiraha inta lagu gudajiro hanaanka biqilka si looga hortago giraangiraha laga xiro qufulka markii uu dillaacay. Isla mar ahaantaana, nidaamka casriga ah ee maqalka ah wuxuu go'aamin karaa heerka is-riixidda ee giraangiraha waqtiga dhabta ah, oo ku hay heerka isbarbardhiga ee giraangiraha ku jira biriiga u dhow qiimaha ugu fiican. Sidaa darteed, marka nidaamka maqnaashaha uu shaqeynayo, darawalka ma waayi doono xakameynta gaariga sababta oo ah qufulka hore ee gaariga, si loo gaaro waxtarka giraangiraha, si loo gaaro awooda ugu wanaagsan ee suulka ah marka shilka uu dhaco.
