SAIC MAXUS V80 Asalka Calaamada Diirinta - National shan 0281002667

Dareemka booska Camshaft waa aaladda dareemaha, sidoo kale loo yaqaan dareemaha calaamadaha isku midka ah, waa aalad meelaynta takoorka dhululubada, calaamada booska camshaft ee ECU, waa calaamada xakamaynta dabka.

1, shaqada iyo nooca Camshaft Position Sensor (CPS), shaqadeedu waa in ay soo ururiso calaamada xagasha dhaqaaqa ee Camshaft, iyo galinta unug kantaroolka elegtarooniga ah (ECU), si loo go'aamiyo wakhtiga shidista iyo wakhtiga la duro shidaalka. Dareemka booska Camshaft (CPS) waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Sensor Aqoonsiga Sylinder (CIS), si loo kala saaro dareemeyaasha booska crankshaft (CPS), dareemeyaasha booska Camshaft waxaa guud ahaan matala CIS. Shaqada dareemaha booska camshaft waa in la ururiyo calaamadda booska ee gaaska qaybinta gaaska oo la geliyo ECU, si ECU ay u aqoonsan karto isku-buufinta ugu sarreysa ee dhintay ee dhululubo 1, si loo fuliyo xakamaynta duritaanka shidaalka isku xigta, Xakamaynta wakhtiga dabka iyo xakamaynta deignition. Intaa waxaa dheer, calaamada booska camshaft waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu aqoonsado daqiiqada ugu horeysa ee dabka inta lagu jiro bilaabista mishiinka. Sababtoo ah dareemaha booska camshaft wuxuu aqoonsan karaa piston dhululubada ah oo ku saabsan inuu gaaro TDC, waxaa loo yaqaan dareenka aqoonsiga cylinder.photoelectric sifooyinka qaabdhismeedka sawir-qaadista sawir-qaadista iyo dareemaha booska camshaft ee ay soo saartay shirkadda Nissan ayaa laga wanaajiyey qaybiyaha, badiyaa by saxanka calaamadda (signal rotor). ), koronto-dhaliye, qalabka qaybinta, guryaha dareemayaasha iyo furaha xargaha xargaha. In booska u dhow cidhifka taarikada calaamadda si aad u samayso radian dhexayn isku mid ah gudaha iyo dibadda laba wareeg oo godadka iftiinka. Waxaa ka mid ah, giraanta dibadda waxaa lagu sameeyaa 360 dalool oo hufan (faras), iyo radian bareeg ah waa 1. (dalool hufan oo lagu xisaabtamayo 0.5., dalool hadh ah oo lagu xisaabtamayo 0.5.) , loo isticmaalo in lagu dhaliyo wareegtada crankshaft iyo signalka xawaaraha; Waxaa giraanta gudaha ku jira 6 dalool oo cad (leydi L) ah, oo u dhexeeya 60 radian. , waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhaliyo calaamadda TDC ee dhululubo kasta, oo ay ka mid yihiin leydi leh cidhif ballaadhan oo wax yar ka dheer si loo dhaliyo calaamadda TDC ee dhululubada Digniinta xagasha) koronto dhaliyaha, signalka G (calaamadaha dhexe ee dhintay) koronto-dhaliye iyo wareegtada sixitaanka. Ne signal iyo koronto dhaliyaha G waxay ka kooban yihiin diode iftiimiya iftiinka (LED) iyo transistor photosensitive (ama sawir qaade), laba LED si toos ah u wajahaya labada transistor sawir qaade siday u kala horreeyaan. Mabda'a shaqada (LED) iyo transistor sawir-qaade (ama photodiode). Marka daloolka gudbinta iftiinka ee saxanka calaamaduhu uu u dhexeeyo LED-ka iyo transistor-ka sawir-qaadista, iftiinka LED-ku wuxuu iftiimin doonaa transistor-ka sawir-qaadista, waqtigan transistor-ka sawir-qaadista ayaa shidan, wax-soo-saarkiisa heer hoose (0.1 ~ O. 3V); Marka qaybta hadhka ee saxanka calaamaduhu uu u dhexeeyo LED iyo transistor-ka sawir-qaadista, iftiinka ay soo saarto LED-ku ma iftiimin karo transistor-ka sawir-qaadista, waqtigan transistor-ka sawir-qaadista ayaa gooyay, wax-soo-saarkiisa heer sare ah (4.8 ~ 5.2V). Haddii saxanka calaamaduhu uu sii wareego, daloolka gudbinta iyo qaybta hadhku waxay si beddel ah u rogi doonaan LED-ga gudbinta ama hadh, iyo ururiyaha sawir-qaadista ee sawir-qaaduhu wuxuu beddelkiisa soo saari doonaa heerar sare iyo mid hoose. Marka dhidibka shidma ee leh shafka iyo camshaft uu ku wareego, godka iftiinka calaamada saxanka iyo qaybta hadh ee u dhaxaysa LED iyo transistor-ka sawir-qaadista, saxanka iftiinka LED-ka ee iftiinka iftiinka iyo saamaynta hadhku wuxuu beddelan doonaa shucaaca soo-saarka calaamadda sawir-qaadista. transistor, signalka dareemaha ayaa la soo saaraa iyo booska crankshaft iyo camshaft ee u dhiganta calaamadda garaaca wadnaha.Maadaama uu crankshaft uu wareego laba jeer, shafka dareemayaasha ayaa mareegta calaamadda hal mar, sidaas darteed dareenka G signal wuxuu dhalin doonaa lix garaac. Dareemka calaamadaha Ne wuxuu dhalin doonaa 360 calaamadaha garaaca wadnaha. Sababtoo ah inta u dhaxaysa radiyaanka ee daloolka gudbinta iftiinka ee signalka G waa 60. Iyo 120 wareeggiiba ee shafka. Waxa ay soo saartaa signalka degdega ah, markaa calaamada G waxa badanaa loo yaqaan 120. Calaamadaha. Dammaanadda rakibidda naqshadeynta 120. Signal 70 ka hor TDC. BTDC70 Radian interval waa 1. (dalool hufan ayaa lagu xisaabiyaa 0.5., dalool hadh ah ayaa loo xisaabiyaa 0.5.) , sidaas darteed wareeg kasta oo garaaca wadnaha ah, heerka sare iyo heerka hoose ee wareegga 1 siday u kala horreeyaan, calaamadaha 360 waxay muujinayaan wareegtada crankshaft 720. Mid kasta wareegga wareegga crankshaft waa 120., Dareemka G signal wuxuu soo saaraa hal calaamad, Ne signalka wuxuu soo saaraa calaamadaha 60. Nooca induction Magnetic Induction dareemaha waxaa loo qaybin karaa nooca Hall iyo nooca magnetoelectric , sida ku cad Jaantuska 1. Tan dambe waxay isticmaashaa mabda'a kicinta birlabka si ay u dhaliso calaamadaha booska kuwaas oo ballaadhintoodu ay ku kala duwan tahay xawaaraha dhowr boqol oo millivolts ilaa boqollaal volts, baaxadduna aad ayey u kala duwan tahay. Kuwa soo socdaa waa horudhac faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan mabda'a shaqada ee dareemayaasha: Mabda'a shaqada ee Waddada ay u marto khadka xoogga magnetic waa farqiga hawada u dhexeeya magnet N cirifka joogtada ah iyo rotor, ilig salient rotor, farqiga hawada u dhexeeya Ilig salient rotor iyo madaxa magnetic stator, madaxa magnetic, saxan hagaha magnetic iyo bir magnet S joogto ah. Marka rotor-ka calaamaduhu uu wareego, farqiga hawada ee wareegga magnetic-ka ayaa isbeddeli doona xilliyo, iyo iska caabbinta magnetic ee wareegga magnetic iyo qulqulka magnetic dhex mara madaxa gariiradda calaamadaha ayaa isbeddeli doona xilliyo. Marka loo eego mabda'a soo-saarka korantada, awoodda korantada beddelka ah ayaa lagu kicin doonaa gariiradda dareenka.Marka rotor-ka calaamaduhu uu u wareego saacadda, farqiga hawada ee u dhexeeya ilkaha rotor convex iyo madaxa magnetic ayaa hoos u dhacaya, diidmada wareegga magnetic ayaa hoos u dhacda, qulqulka magnetic φ korodhka, heerka isbeddelka qulqulka ayaa kordha (dφ/dt>0), iyo awoodda korantada ee la kiciyay E waa mid togan (E>0). Marka ilkuhu qallafsan yihiin ee rotor-ku ay ku dhow yihiin cidhifka madaxa birlabeedka, qulqulka magnetic φ aad buu u kordhayaa, heerka isbeddelka qulqulka ayaa ah kan ugu weyn [D φ/dt=(dφ/dt) Max], iyo awoodda korantada ee keentay E waa kan ugu sarreeya (E=Emax). Ka dib markii rotor-ku wareego agagaarka booska B, inkastoo qulqulka magnetic φ uu weli sii kordhayo, laakiin heerka isbeddelka qulqulka magnetic hoos ayuu u dhacayaa, sidaas awgeed awoodda korantada ee E ayaa hoos u dhacda. Marka rotor-ku u wareego xariiqda dhexe ee iliga convex iyo xariiqda dhexe ee madaxa magnetic, in kasta oo farqiga hawada u dhexeeya iliga rotor convex iyo madaxa magnetic uu yahay kan ugu yar, iska caabinta magnetic ee wareegga magnetka ayaa ah kan ugu yar, iyo qulqulka magnetic φ waa kan ugu weyn, laakiin sababtoo ah magnetic qulqulka ma sii wadi karo inuu kordho, heerka isbeddelka qulqulka magnetic waa eber, sidaas darteed xoogga elektaroonigga ah ee la keenay E waa eber. Marka rotorku sii wado inuu u wareego jihada saacadda iyo iliga convex ka baxo madaxa magnetic, farqiga hawada ee u dhexeeya Ilig qallafsan iyo madaxa birlabku wuu kordhaa, rabitaan la'aanta wareegga magnetka ayaa kordheysa, qulqulka magneticna wuu yaraadaa (dφ/dt< 0), sidaa darteed xoogga elektiroonigga ah ee la keenay E waa taban. Marka iliga convex-ku u leexdo cidhifka ka tagaya madaxa birlabeedka, qulqulka magnetic φ aad buu u yaraadaa, heerka isbeddelka qulqulku wuxuu gaaraa ugu badnaan taban [D φ/df=-(dφ/dt) Max], iyo awoodda korantada ee keentay E. sidoo kale waxa uu gaaraa ugu badnaan taban (E= -emax) .Sidaas darteed waxaa la arki karaa in mar kasta oo rotor-ka calaamaduhu u rogo ilig convex ah, gariiradda dareemayaasha waxa ay soo saari doontaa awood koronto oo kala duwan oo xilliyeed ah, taas oo ah, xoogga korantada ayaa u muuqda ugu badnaan iyo a qiimaha ugu yar, gariiradda shidma ayaa soo saari doonta calaamad kale oo danab ah oo u dhiganta. Faa'iidada aadka u wanaagsan ee dareemaha kicinta magnetic waa in uusan u baahnayn sahay koronto oo dibadda ah, magnet joogto ah ayaa door ka ciyaara beddelka tamarta makaanikada tamarta korantada, tamarteeda magneticna ma lumin doonto. Marka xawaaraha matoorka uu is beddelo, xawaaraha wareega ee ilkuhu qallafsan yahay ee rotor-ka ayaa isbeddeli doona, heerka isbeddelka qulqulka ee xuddunta ayaa sidoo kale isbeddeli doona. Xawaaraha sare, waa ka weyn yahay heerka isbeddelka qulqulka, sare u kaca xoogga electromotive induction ee gariiradda shidma. Tan iyo farqiga hawada u dhexeeya rotor convex ilkaha iyo madaxa magnetic si toos ah u saameeya caabbinta magnetic ee wareegga magnetic iyo danab wax soo saarka ee gariiradda dareemayaasha, farqiga hawada u dhexeeya ilka rotor convex iyo madaxa birlab aan la beddeli karin sida la doonayo. Haddii farqiga hawadu is beddelo, waa in lagu hagaajiyaa sida ku xusan qodobbada. Farqiga hawada waxaa guud ahaan loogu talagalay gudahood kala duwan ee 0.2 ~ 0.4mm.2) Jetta, Santana baabuur magnetic induction crankshaft booska sensor1) Tilmaamo qaab dhismeedka booska crankshaft: The magnetic induction crankshaft booska dareenka ee Jetta AT, GTX iyo Santana 2000GSi waxaa lagu rakibay on block dhululubada ee u dhow xajinta ee sanduuqa, kaas oo inta badan ka kooban koronto dhaliyaha iyo rotor signal. Gariiradda dareemaha waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan gariiradda calaamadda, iyo madaxa birlabeedka ayaa ku dheggan magnetka joogtada ah. Madaxa birlabku waxa uu si toos ah uga soo horjeedaa rotor-ka nooca iliga ah ee signalka lagu rakibay biraha birta, iyo madaxa birlabku waxa uu ku xidhan yahay harqoodka magnetic ( saxan hagaha magnetic) si uu u sameeyo loop hagaha magnetka. Ilig qallafsan, 57 ilkood oo yaryar iyo hal ilig oo waaweyn ayaa si siman u kala bannaan wareeggiisa. Ilig weyn ayaa ka maqan calaamadda tixraaca wax soo saarka, oo u dhiganta injiinka cylinder 1 ama cylinder 4 cufnaanta TDC ka hor xagal gaar ah. Shucaaca Ilkaha waaweyn waxay u dhigmaan kuwa laba ilkood oo fidsan iyo saddex ilkood oo yaryar. Sababtoo ah rotor-ka calaamaduhu wuxuu la wareegaa shafka, dabayshuna waxay wareegtaa hal mar(360). , rotor-ka calaamaduhu sidoo kale wuu wareegaa hal mar (360). , sidaa darteed xagasha wareega ee wareega ee ay ku jiraan ilko isku dhafan iyo cilado ili ah oo ku yaala wareega wareegga ishaarooyinka waa 360. ). , xagasha crankshaft xagasha lagu tiriyaa cilada wayn ee iliggu waa 15. (2 x 3. + 3 x3. = 15). .2) dareemaha booska crankshaft xaalad shaqo: marka dareemaha booska crankshaft ee leh crankshaft uu wareego, mabda'a shaqada ee dareeraha induction magnetic, calaamadda rotor mid kastaa wuxuu u rogay ilig qallafsan, gariiradda dareemeysa waxay dhalin doontaa emf beddelka xilliyeedka (xoogga korantada). ugu badnaan iyo ugu yaraan), gariiradda ayaa soo saarta calaamad kale oo danab ah si waafaqsan. Sababtoo ah rotor signalka waxaa la siiyaa ilig weyn si uu u dhaliyo calaamadda tixraaca, markaa marka iliga weyni uu rogo madaxa magnetic, korontadu waxay qaadataa waqti dheer, taas oo ah, calaamadda wax soo saarka waa calaamad ballaaran oo garaac ah, taas oo u dhiganta xagal gaar ah ka hor dhululubo 1 ama cylinder 4 riixitaanka TDC. Marka unugga kantaroolka elektaroonigga ah (ECU) uu helo calaamadda garaaca wadnaha oo ballaaran, waxay ogaan kartaa in booska ugu sarreeya ee TDC ee dhululubo 1 ama 4 uu soo socdo. Marka loo eego booska soo socda ee TDC ee dhululubo 1 ama 4, waxay u baahan tahay in la go'aamiyo iyadoo loo eegayo gelinta calaamadaha ka soo jeeda booska camshaft. Tan iyo markii rotor signal uu leeyahay 58 ilko convex ah, gariiradda shidma waxay dhalin doontaa 58 calaamadaha danab beddelka ah ee kacaan kasta oo rotor signal (hal kacaanka crankshaft engine) .Mar kasta rotor signal wareegtaa weheliyaan crankshaft engine, gariiradda shidma quudiyaa 58 garaaca unugga kontoroolka elektarooniga ah (ECU). Sidaa darteed, 58 kasta oo calaamadood oo ay helaan dareemaha booska crankshaft, ECU waxay og tahay in shafka matoorku uu hal mar wareegay. Haddi ECU ay ka hesho 116000 calaamado dareemaha booska crankshaft gudaha 1min, ECU waxay xisaabin kartaa in xawaaruhu uu yahay 2000(n=116000/58=2000)r/roob; Haddii ECU ay hesho 290,000 oo calaamad daqiiqaddiiba dareemaha booska crankshaft, ECU waxay xisaabinaysaa xawaraha 5000 (n= 29000/58 = 5000) r/min. Sidan oo kale, ECU waxay xisaabin kartaa xawaaraha wareegga shafka oo ku saleysan tirada calaamadaha garaaca wadnaha ee laga helo dareemaha booska crankshaft. Calaamadaha xawaaraha matoorka iyo calaamada culeyska ayaa ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan iyo calaamadaha kontoroolka aasaasiga ah ee nidaamka kontoroolka elektaroonigga ah, ECU waxay xisaabin kartaa saddex qaybood oo kontorool oo aasaasi ah iyadoo loo eegayo labadan calaamadood: xagasha hore ee duritaanka aasaasiga ah (waqtiga), xagasha hore ee dabka aasaasiga ah (waqtiga) iyo korantada dabka Xagasha (shirkada gariiradda hoose ee wakhtiga) .Jetta AT iyo GTx, Santana 2000GSi baabuur magnetic induction nooca crankshaft booska dareenka rotor soo saaray signalka sida signal tixraaca, ECU gacanta ku wakhtiga duritaanka shidaalka iyo wakhtiga shidku waxay ku salaysan tahay signal la soo saaray. by signalka. Marka ECu ay hesho calaamada ay dhaliso cilada weyn ee iliga, waxa ay xakamaysaa wakhtiga shidista, wakhtiga lagu duro shidaalka iyo wakhtiga beddelka wakhtiga aasaasiga ah ee gariiradda shidista (ie xagasha conduction) sida ku cad calaamada cilada yar ee iliga.3) Baabuurka Toyota. TCCS magnetic induction crankshaft iyo booska camshaft sensorToyota Computer Control System (1FCCS) waxay isticmaashaa crankshaft induction magnetic iyo booska kamarada kamarada laga beddelay qaybiyaha, oo ka kooban qaybo sare iyo hoose. Qaybta sare waxay u qaybsantaa calaamadda tixraaca booska crankshaft ogaanshaha (sida aqoonsiga dhululubada iyo calaamadda TDC, oo loo yaqaan G signal) koronto dhaliye; Qaybta hoose waxay u qaybsantaa xawliga shafka iyo signalka geesaha (oo loo yaqaan Ne signal) koronto dhaliyaha madaxa magnetic. Rotor-ka calaamaduhu wuxuu ku xiran yahay shafka dareemayaasha, qulqulka dareeraha waxaa hogaaminaya camshaft qaybinta gaaska, dhamaadka sare ee shafka waxaa lagu qalabeeyaa madaxa dabka, rotor wuxuu leeyahay 24 ilko convex ah. Gariiradda dareemaha iyo madaxa magnetic waxay ku go'an yihiin guryaha dareemayaasha, madaxa magneticna wuxuu ku go'an yahay gariiradda dareemayaasha.2) xawaaraha iyo mabda'a jiilka signalka xagasha iyo habka xakamaynta: marka mashiinka crankshaft, valve camshaft dareemayaasha calaamadaha, ka dibna ku kaxee rotor-ka wareegga, rotor-ka ilkaha soo baxaya iyo farqiga hawada u dhexeeya madaxa magnetic beddelka beddelka, dareenka gariiradda ee qulqulka magnetic beddelka beddelka, ka dibna mabda'a shaqada ee shidma induction magnet muujinaysaa in gariiradda dareeme soo saari kartaa beddelka awood electromotive inductive. Sababtoo ah rotor-ka calaamaduhu wuxuu leeyahay 24 ilkood oo isku dhafan, gariiradda dareemayaasha waxay soo saari doontaa 24 calaamadood oo beddel ah marka rotorku uu wareego hal mar. Kacaan kasta oo ka mid ah usheeda dhexe (360). Tani waxay u dhigantaa laba kacaan oo ka mid ah crankshaft engine (720). , sidaas darteed calaamad beddelka ah (ie muddada signalka) waxay u dhigantaa wareeg wareeg ah oo ah 30. (720. Hadda 24 = 30). , waxay u dhigantaa wareegga madaxa dabka 15. (30. Hadda 2 = 15). . Marka ECU ay ka hesho 24 calaamadood koronto dhaliyaha Ne, waxaa la ogaan karaa in shafka uu wareego laba jeer oo madaxa shidashadu uu hal mar wareego. Barnaamijka gudaha ECU wuxuu xisaabin karaa oo go'aamin karaa xawaaraha crankshaft injiinka iyo xawaaraha madaxa ee shidda iyadoo loo eegayo waqtiga wareeg kasta Ne. Si loo hubiyo in si sax ah loo xakameeyo xagasha hore ee shiidaalka iyo xagasha duritaanka shidaalka, xagasha crankshaft-ka ee ay ku jirto wareeg kasta oo calaamad ah (30. geesuhu way yar yihiin. Aad bay ugu habboon tahay in hawshan lagu fuliyo microcomputer, iyo qaybiyaha soo noqnoqda ayaa calaamad u ah Nee kasta (Cank xagal 30) Si isku mid ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa 30 calaamadood oo garaaca wadnaha ah, mid walbana wuxuu u dhigmaa xagasha crank 1. (30. Hadda 30 = 1). Calaamadda garaaca wadnaha waxay u dhigantaa xagasha crankshaft ee 0.5 (30. ÷60= 0.5. Goobta gaarka ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa shuruudaha saxda ah ee xagasha iyo naqshadeynta barnaamijka. booska piston top dead center (TDC) oo cadee dhululubada ku dhow inay gaadho booska TDC iyo calaamadaha kale ee tixraaca. Dhaliyaha signalka G waxa uu ka kooban yahay No. 1 signal rotor, gariiradda dareeme G1, G2 iyo madaxa magnetic, iwm Gariirada dareemayaasha G1 iyo G2 waxaa lagu kala saaraa 180 darajo. Ku dhajinta, gariiradda G1 waxay soo saartaa calaamad u dhiganta mishiinka lixaad ee cidhiidhiga ah ee ugu sarreeya ee ugu sarreeya ee dhintay 10. Calaamadda ay keentay G2 gariiradda waxay u dhigantaa lO ka hor inta aan la riixin TDC ee dhululubada koowaad ee mishiinka.4) Aqoonsiga dhululubo iyo calaamadda dhexe ee dhintay Mabda'a jiilka iyo habka xakamaynta: mabda'a shaqada ee koronto-dhaliye G wuxuu la mid yahay kan koronto-dhaliyaha Ne. Marka mishiinka kamaraduhu uu u kaxeeyo shafka dareemayaasha si uu u wareego, flange ee rotor signalka G (No. 1 signal rotor) waxa uu maraa madaxa magnetic ee gariiradda dareemayaasha si beddel ah, farqiga hawada ee u dhexeeya flange rotor iyo madaxa magnetic beddelkeeda ayaa isbeddelaya. , iyo calaamada xoogga koronto ee beddelka ah waxaa lagu kicin doonaa gariiradda dareeme Gl iyo G2. Marka qaybta flange ee G signal rotor ay ku dhowdahay madaxa magnetic ee dareenka gariiradda G1, signal garaaca garaaca togan ayaa laga soo saaraa gariiradda dareemaha G1, oo loo yaqaan signalka G1, sababtoo ah farqiga hawada u dhexeeya flange iyo madaxa magnetic hoos u dhaco, qulqulka magnetic waa kordhaa heerka isbeddelka qulqulka magnetic waa mid togan. Marka qaybta flange ee G signal rotor ay ku dhowdahay gariiradda dareemaha G2, farqiga hawada ee u dhexeeya flangega iyo madaxa birlabeedka ayaa yaraada waxaana kordha qulqulka magnetic